Hairline:

A .25-point rule.

Halftone:

A reproduction of continuous-tone artwork, such as a photograph or painting, using fine dots of various size and spacing to convey shades and textures of the original image.

Halftone-Bodied Ink:

Inks that are soft and thin enough to print halftones without filling-in between the dots and solids without picking.

Halftone Gravure:

Term applied to all the steps in the process of producing gravure cylinders from pre-screened film material, using screens commonly used in offset reproduction.

Halftone Screen:

(1.) A screen comprised of two perpendicular pieces of glass, each with a fine pattern of parallel lines, creating a grid that breaks up transmitted light into a fine dot pattern. (2.) An identical screened pattern created electronically from a scanned original.

Halo Effect:

Faint shadow sometimes surrounding halftone dots printed. Also called halation. The halo itself is also called a fringe.

Handshake:

A communication format published by Scitex for outside software developers to use in transmitting files to Scitex systems.

HAP Applied:

The organic HAP content of all inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, solvent, and other materials applied to a substrate by a product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing affected source.

HAP Used:

The organic HAP applied by a publication rotogravure printing affected source, including all organic HAP used for cleaning, parts washing, proof presses, and all organic HAP emitted during tank loading, ink mixing, and storage.

Hard Chromium:

Chromium plated for engineering rather than decorative applications. Not necessarily harder than decorative chromium. Gravure applications are hard chromium.

Hardcopy:

A printed-paper copy of output in readable form. It is also a transparency film or photograph of an image displayed on the monitor.

Hard Disk:

A mass storage device for digital data. One or more magnetic platters in a single casing, it can store data more precisely and access it more quickly than other forms of magnetic storage.

Hard Proof:

The physical output, either prepress or printed, of an image, which can be viewed without a monitor or electronic system.

Hard-Sized:

See also - Sizing.

Hardware:

The physical, electronic components that are used in a computer system, including the peripherals such as a monitor or scanner.

Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP):

According to law, a pollutant to which no ambient air quality standard is applicable and that may cause or con- tribute to an increase in mortality or in serious illness. For example, asbestos, beryllium, and mercury have been declared HAPS.

Haze:

(1.) An unwanted printed ink film resulting from the doctor blade failing to wipe fully in the non-image areas of the cylinder. (2.) An appearance of slight milkiness in a transparent film or a liquid solution.

Head(er):

At the top of a page, the margin.

Head-to-Tail:

Imposition with heads (tops) of pages facing tails (bottoms) of other pages.

Heat of Evaporation:

The amount of heat required to transform a substance from its liquid state to a gaseous state.

Heat Seal:

A method of uniting two or more surfaces by fusion, either the coatings or the base materials, under con- trolled conditions of temperature, pressure, and time (dwell).

Heat-Set Inks:

The solvents evaporate rapidly when subjected to heat. Special equipment is required for their use, such as heater units, exhaust system and chill rolls. They are adaptable to both letterpress and offset use.

Heat-Set Web:

Web press equipped with an oven to dry ink, thus able to print coated paper.

Heavy-Bodied Inks:

Inks of a high viscosity or stiff consistency.

Heliogravure:

Obsolete term used to describe any gravure printing produced from a photo‑engraving.

HelioKlischograph™:

The name of the first electromechanical cylinder-engraving machine, developed by the Hell Company.

Hemicellulose:

A less stable form of cellulose; dissolves in dilute alkalis and reactant with weak acids.

Hexachrome:

A proprietary color separation process, developed by Pantone that uses six process colors (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black, Orange, and Green).

Hibrite:

A grade of Roto News, equivalent to Type B.

Hiccup:

A form of efflux cup viscometer.

Hickey:

Spot or imperfection in printing, most visible in areas of heavy ink coverage, caused by dirt on the plate or blanket. Also called bulls eye and fish eye.

HiFi Printing:

Process printing that expands the conventional four-color process gamut using additional special ink colors.

High-Bulk Paper:

A paper made thicker than its standard basis weight.

High-Fidelity Color:

Color reproduced using six, eight or twelve separations, as compared to four-color process.

High Key:

(1.) An image that mainly consists of highlights and midtones. (2.) Term used to describe photographs in which the majority of tones are lighter in value than a middle gray.

High Resolution:

(Sometimes called "hi-res") A type of image that is displayed in better quality by increasing the number of dots per inch (or pixels per inch) than normal. Can refer to high quality computer displays or printer output.

Highlight:

Lighter-toned areas of a photograph, where there is meant to be little or no ink in the reproduction. Highlights are the lightest part of a positive and the darkest part of a negative.

Hinged Cover:

Perfect bound cover scored 1/8 inch (3mm) from the spine so it folds at the hinge instead of, along the edge of the spine.

HLS:

A color model based on three coordinates: hue, lightness (or luminance) and saturation.

Holdout:

The ability of an ink to leave sufficient pigment and binder on the surface of a material after drying to give good density of color and/or gloss.

Hot Stamping:

A decorating process in which the desired image is transferred to a substrate by a heated, positive copy die. Images are normally limited to one color positive copy line.

Hot-Scuff Resistance:

Resistance to abrasion or color bleed of a print when it is subjected to hot irons used for package sealing.

House Sheet:

Paper kept in stock by a printer and suitable for a variety of printing jobs. Also called floor sheet.

HSB (Hue Saturation Brightness):

In graphic arts, an abbreviation for all of a color's characteristics: hue (the pigment), saturation (the amount of pigment), and brightness (the amount of white included). With the HSB model, all colors can be defined by expressing their levels of hue, saturation and brightness in percentages.

HSL Image:

A red, green, blue (RGB) image seen on a video monitor in 3 channels (hue, saturation, brightness), though only one channel is displayed at a time.

HSV:

A color model based on three coordinates: hue, saturation and value.

Hue:

A gradation of color.

Hue Error:

The difference between the printed color and the ideal color that it is supposed to represent. For example, cyan ink used in four-color process work should ideally reflect all the green and blue frequencies of light that fall on it, while it should absorb all of the red frequencies. In reality, the ink will not achieve this state of perfection.

Hull Cell:

A trapezoidal box of nonconducting material with electrodes arranged to permit observation of cathodic or anodic effects over a wide range of current densities.

Hydrogen Embrittlement:

Embrittlement of a metal or alloy caused by absorption of hydrogen during a pickling, cleaning or plating process.

Hydrometer:

An instrument used for measuring the specific gravity of a liquid.

Hygroscopic:

The ability of a material to absorb or otherwise take up moisture from the surroundings.

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IBM Roll Number:

An internal number tracking number assigned by RJRP used to track raw materials usage.

ICC:

The International Color Consortium. Established in 1993 by eight industry vendors for the purpose of creating, promoting and encouraging the standardization and evolution of an open, vendor-neutral, cross- platform color management system architecture and components.

ICC Profile:

A file that describes how a particular device (e.g., monitor, scanner, and printer, proofer) reproduces color (i.e., its specific color space).

Icicles:

Strings of dried ink hanging around cylinder area including applicator, bafflers, etc.

Illuminant:

Mathematical description of the relative spectral power distribution of a real or imaginary light source: i.e., the relative energy emitted by a source at each wavelength in its emission spectrum. Often used synonymously with “light source” or “lamp,” though such usage is not recommended.

Illuminant A (CIE):

CIE Standard Illuminant for incandescent illumination, yellow-orange in color, with a correlated color temperature of 2856°K. It is defined in the wavelength range of 380 to 770nm.

Illuminant C (CIE):

CIE Standard Illuminant for tungsten illumination that simulates average daylight, bluish in color, with a correlated color temperature of 6774°K.

Illuminant D (CIE):

Daylight illuminants, defined from 300 to 830nm (the UV portion 300 to 380nm being necessary to correctly describe colors that contain fluorescent dyes or pigments). They are designated as D, with a subscript to describe the correlated color temperature; D65 is the most commonly used, having a correlated color temperature of 6504°K, close to that of illuminant C. They are based on actual measurements of the spectral distribution of daylight.

Illuminants F (CIE):

CIE Standard Illuminant for fluorescent illumination. F2 represents a cool white fluorescent lamp (4200°K), F7 represents a broad-band daylight fluorescent lamp (6500°K), and F11 represents a narrow-band white fluorescent lamp (4000°K).

Image:

The computerized representation of a picture or graphic.

Image Area:

The actual area on the printed matter that is not restricted to ink coverage.

Image Carrier:

Any plate, form, cylinder or other surface that contains an image, receives ink and transfers it to another surface, i.e., gravure cylinders, offset plates and letterpress stereotypes.

Image Resolution:

The fineness or coarseness of an image as it was digitized, measured as dots-per-inch (DPI).

Imagesetter:

A high-resolution imaging device that prints type and graphics directly to plate-ready film.

Imine:

Organic compounds combining a non-acid radical with the NH radical.

Imposition:

Laying out pages in a press form so that they will be in the correct order after the printed sheet is folded.

Impression:

(1) Referring to an ink color, one impression equals one press sheet passing once through a printing unit. (2) Referring to speed of a press, one impression equals one press sheet passing once through the press.

Impression Cylinder/Impression Roller:

(1) A friction-driven, rubber-covered metal cylinder that squeezes the substrate against an inked, engraved cylinder on a gravure press. (2) Cylinder on a press that pushes paper against the plate or blanket, thus forming the image. Also called impression roller.

Imprint:

To print new copy on a previously printed sheet, such as imprinting an employee's name on business cards. Also called surprint.

Indexed Color Image:

A single-channel image, with 8 bits of color information per pixel. The index is a color look-up table containing up to 256 colors.

Indicia:

Postal information place on a printed product.

Inert Anode:

An anode that is insoluble in the electrolyte under the conditions prevailing in the electrolysis.

Infrared Drying:

Drying of printing inks by the use of infrared radiation.

Inhibitor:

A substance used to reduce the rate of a chemical or electrochemical reaction, such as those used to limit corrosion or pickling.

Ink Fountain:

Reservoir, on a printing press, that holds ink.

Ink Holdout:

A paper's ability to resist penetration of ink components beneath its surface.

Ink Jet Printing:

Method of printing by spraying droplets of ink through computer-controlled nozzles. Also called jet printing.

Ink Voids:

Areas in the printed surface that exhibit insufficient ink coverage. May also appear as a dark swirl in the printed surface. Also known as Starvation.

Inner Form:

Form (side of the press sheet) whose images all appear inside the folded signature, as compared to outer form.

Inputscanner:

This electronic device “Scans” originals and converts each pixel from an optical value to analog or digital data.

Intaglio:

Any printing process using a recessed image carrier. Refers to fine art copperplate printing from etchings; commercial copperplate 'engraving" used for business cards, stationery, stamps and security printing; and all sheet-fed and rotogravure printing. Generally used in an historical context, and to distinguish gravure from other processes, the term is falling into general disuse in the commercial sector of the industry.

Integral Shaft:

A cylinder base design in which the supporting shaft is permanently attached to the printing cylinder.

Intensity:

Saturation or reflective energy as related to visible wavelengths of light. Reflectance of wavelengths at high intensity generates high saturation, or chroma.

Interfacial Tension:

The contractile force of an interface between two phases. See also - Surface Tension.

Interleaves:

Printed pages loosely inserted in a publication.

Iodine Number:

A number that indicates the relative drying potential of vegetable oils—the higher the number, the faster the drying and oxidation.

Ion:

An electrically charged atom or molecule.

IR Drop:

The voltage across a resistance in accordance with Ohm's Law. E + IR. Where: E = Potential (voltage), I = Current, and R = Resistance.

Iron Blue:

A warm, purplish-blue ink, also called Milori Blue.

Iron Perchloride:

Chemical used for copper cylinder etching. Chemical formula: FeCl3. Also known as ferric chloride.

ISBN:

A number assigned to a published work and usually found either on the title page or the back of the title page. Considered an International Standard Book Number.

IT8:

Series of test targets and tools for color characterization established by ANSI (American National Standards Institute) Committee IT8 for Digital Data Exchange Standards. Different IT8 targets are used to characterize different devices such as scanners and printers.

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Jet:

Used to describe the blackness or intensity of the mass tone of black or near-black surfaces.

Job Number:

A number assigned to a specific printing project in a printing company for use in tracking and historical record keeping.

Job Ticket:

Form used by service bureaus, separators and printers to specify production schedule of a job and the materials it needs. Also called docket, production order and work order.

Job Tracking:

Components of each job and the production time used for each function.

Joule:

A unit of electrical energy or work—one watt second. The work done (J) in transferring one coulomb (Q) between two points having a potential difference (E) of one volt. J = EQ.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group):

A committee assembled to set standards for electronic image color file compression and the corresponding requirements for minimum/maximum data loss.